Which individuals can claim immunity to civil and criminal arrest?

The correct answer is that Congress members and foreign diplomats can claim immunity to civil and criminal arrest. This immunity is a legal protection afforded to these individuals under specific circumstances, reflecting their unique roles in the functioning of government and international relations.

Members of Congress have certain privileges to ensure they can perform their legislative duties without interference. For instance, the Constitution grants them immunity from arrest while attending sessions of Congress, unless they are charged with a felony or treason. This immunity helps to preserve the independence of the legislative branch.

Foreign diplomats enjoy diplomatic immunity under international law, specifically the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. This immunity protects diplomats from arrest and detention while they are on official business, allowing them to carry out their functions without fear of coercion or interference from the host country. Such protections are critical for maintaining diplomatic relations and ensuring that diplomats can perform their duties effectively.

In contrast, all citizens do not have the same level of immunity. State officials have some protections related to their official duties, but these do not extend to blanket immunity from civil or criminal actions. Non-resident aliens do not possess special immunity in this context, as legal protections are typically available to diplomats and certain government officials only.