Which case established the standard for the use of force by police officers?

The correct answer is based on the landmark Supreme Court case Graham v. Connor, which established the standard for evaluating the use of force by law enforcement officers. This case articulated the principle that the reasonableness of a particular use of force by an officer must be judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the 20/20 vision of hindsight.

In this case, the Supreme Court emphasized that officers must be allowed to make split-second decisions under tense and rapidly evolving circumstances, and it introduced the "objective reasonableness" standard, which assesses whether the officer's actions were reasonable at the moment they occurred, based on the totality of the circumstances.

This standard is crucial for both protecting the rights of citizens and providing guidance to law enforcement. It helps to ensure that officers are held accountable for their actions while also recognizing the challenges they face in the field. The emphasis on "the totality of the circumstances" means that various factors, such as the severity of the crime, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat, and whether they are actively resisting arrest or attempting to flee, are all considered when determining the appropriateness of the force used.

In contrast, the other cases mentioned do not directly address the standard of