When does a seizure occur during a police interaction?

A seizure occurs when a reasonable person feels they cannot leave the interaction with law enforcement. This understanding is rooted in the Fourth Amendment, which protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures. The key factor that defines a seizure is the perception of freedom; if a person feels that they are not free to leave or terminate the encounter, a seizure has likely taken place.

In this context, asking for identification does not in itself constitute a seizure, as individuals can provide identification while still feeling free to exit the interaction. Similarly, a verbal statement from an officer that someone is detained may indicate a seizure, but it is only compelling if the individual perceives their freedom to leave has been restricted. If a reasonable person feels that they can leave the interaction, then a seizure has not occurred. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the importance of the individual's perception in determining whether a seizure has taken place.